Adair County is located in the northeastern part of Missouri and is part of the Kirksville Micropolitan Statistical Area. The county seat is Kirksville. The County was organized on January 29, 1841.

Adair County is governed by a three-member County Commission, which is elected in November of every even-numbered year. The County Commission is responsible for setting the budget, levying taxes, and making policy decisions.

The county is also served by a Prosecuting Attorney, Sheriff, Assessor, Collector, and Public Administrator.

Adair County is home to Truman State University, a public liberal arts and sciences university. The university was founded in 1867 and is the only public university in the state of Missouri.

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